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# Factorization using Perfect Square Trinomials

## Factor trinomials resulting from squared binomials

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Factorization using Perfect Square Trinomials

### Factorization using Perfect Square Trinomials

We use the square of a binomial formula to factor perfect square trinomials. A perfect square trinomial has the form or .

In these special kinds of trinomials, the first and last terms are perfect squares and the middle term is twice the product of the square roots of the first and last terms. In a case like this, the polynomial factors into perfect squares:

Once again, the key is figuring out what the and terms are.

#### Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials

1. Factor the following perfect square trinomials:

a)

The first step is to recognize that this expression is a perfect square trinomial.

First, we can see that the first term and the last term are perfect squares. We can rewrite as .

Next, we check that the middle term is twice the product of the square roots of the first and the last terms. This is true also since we can rewrite as .

This means we can factor as . We can check to see if this is correct by multiplying :

Note: We could factor this trinomial without recognizing it as a perfect square. We know that a trinomial factors as a product of two binomials:

We need to find two numbers that multiply to 16 and add to 8. We can write 16 as the following products:

So we can factor as , which is the same as .

Once again, you can factor perfect square trinomials the normal way, but recognizing them as perfect squares gives you a useful shortcut.

b)

Rewrite as .

We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial, so we can factor it as .

c)

Rewrite as .

We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial, so we can factor it as .

2. Factor the following perfect square trinomials:

a)

Rewrite as .

We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial and we can factor it as .

b)

Rewrite as .

We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial and we can factor it as .

We can check to see if this is correct by multiplying :

c)

We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial and we can factor it as .

#### Solve Quadratic Polynomial Equations by Factoring

With the methods we’ve learned in the last two sections, we can factor many kinds of quadratic polynomials. This is very helpful when we want to solve them. Remember the process we learned earlier:

1. If necessary, rewrite the equation in standard form so that the right-hand side equals zero.
2. Factor the polynomial completely.
3. Use the zero-product rule to set each factor equal to zero.
4. Solve each equation from step 3.

We can use this process to solve quadratic polynomials using the factoring methods we just learned.

#### Solving for Unknown Values

Solve the following polynomial equations.

a)

Rewrite:

The equation is already in the correct form.

Factor:

Rewrite as . We notice that this is a perfect square trinomial and we can factor it as .

Set the factor equal to zero:

Solve:

Check: Substitute each solution back into the original equation.

b)

Rewrite: is rewritten as

Factor:

Set the factor equal to zero:

Solve:

Check: Substitute the solution back into the original equation.

### Examples

Solve the following polynomial equations:

#### Example 1

Rewrite: The equation is in the correct form already.

Factor: Rewrite as .

We recognize this as a perfect square. This factors as or

Set the factor equal to zero:

Solve:

Check: Substitute the solution back into the original equation.

#### Example 2

Rewrite: this is not necessary since the equation is in the correct form already

Factor: Rewrite as .

We recognize this as a difference of squares. This factors as .

Set each factor equal to zero:

Solve:

Check: Substitute each solution back into the original equation.

c)

Rewrite: this is not necessary since the equation is in the correct form already

Factor: Rewrite as .

We recognize this as a perfect square. This factors as or

Set each factor equal to zero:

Solve:

Check: Substitute each solution back into the original equation.

### Review

Factor the following perfect square trinomials.

Solve the following quadratic equations using factoring.

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