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# One-Step Equations and Inverse Operations

## Add and subtract like terms as a step to solve equations.

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Practice One-Step Equations and Inverse Operations
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Solving One Step Equations

### Guidance

When solving an equation for a variable, you must get the variable by itself. All the equations in this lesson are linear equations. Here we will only deal with using one operation; addition, subtraction, multiplication or division.

### Solve 7+y=16\begin{align*}7+y=16\end{align*} for y\begin{align*}y\end{align*}.

Solution: This problem is simple and you could probably solve it in your head. However, to start good practices, you should always use algebra to solve any equation. Even if the problem seems easy, equations will get more difficult to solve.

To solve an equation for a variable, you must do the opposite, or undo, whatever is on the same side as the variable. 7 is being added to y\begin{align*}y\end{align*}, so we must subtract 7 from both sides. Notice that this is very similar to the previous concept (Solving Algebraic Equations for a Variable).

7+y=1677   y=9\begin{align*}& \ \bcancel{7}+y = 16\\ & \underline{-\bcancel{7} \quad \quad -7 \; \;}\\ & \ \quad \ \ y = 9\end{align*}

You can check that y=9\begin{align*}y= 9\end{align*} is correct by plugging 9 back into the original equation. 7 + 9 does equal 16, so we know that we found the correct answer.

### Solve−7h=84\begin{align*}-7h=84\end{align*}.

Solution: Recall that 7h=7×h\begin{align*}-7h = -7 \times h\end{align*}, so the opposite, or inverse, operation of multiplication is division. Therefore, we must divide both sides by -7 to solve for h\begin{align*}h\end{align*}.

7h7h=847=12\begin{align*}\frac{-\bcancel{7}h}{-\bcancel{7}} &= \frac{84}{-7}\\ h &= -12\end{align*}

Again, check your work. 712\begin{align*}-7 \cdot -12\end{align*} is equal to 84, so we know our answer is correct.

### Solve 38x=32\begin{align*}\frac{3}{8} x = \frac{3}{2}\end{align*}.

Solution: The variable is being multiplied by a fraction. Instead of dividing by a fraction, we multiply by the reciprocal of 38\begin{align*}\frac{3}{8}\end{align*}, which is 83\begin{align*}\frac{8}{3}\end{align*}.

8338xx=3283=82=4\begin{align*}\xcancel{\frac{8}{3} \cdot \frac{3}{8}} x &= \bcancel{\frac{3}{2} \cdot \frac{8}{3}}\\ x &= \frac{8}{2}=4\end{align*}

Check the answer: 3284=32\begin{align*}\frac{3}{_2\cancel{8}} \cdot \cancel{4}=\frac{3}{2}\end{align*}. This is correct, so we know that x=4\begin{align*}x = 4\end{align*} is the answer.

[Figure1]

### Guided Practice

1. 5+j=17\begin{align*}5+j=17\end{align*}

2. h6=11\begin{align*}\frac{h}{6}=-11\end{align*}

3. 54x=35\begin{align*}\frac{5}{4}x=35\end{align*}

1. Subtract 5 from both sides to solve for j\begin{align*}j\end{align*}.

5+j=1755 j=12\begin{align*}& \ \ \bcancel{5}+j=17\\ & \underline{-\bcancel{5} \qquad -5 \; \;}\\ & \qquad \ j=12\end{align*}

Check the answer: 5+12=17\begin{align*}5+12=17 \end{align*}

2. h\begin{align*}h\end{align*} is being divided by 6. To undo division, we must multiply both sides by 6.

6h6h=11.6=66\begin{align*}\cancel{6} \cdot \frac{h}{\cancel{6}} &= -11.6\\ h &= -66\end{align*}

Check the answer: 666=11\begin{align*}\frac{-66}{6}=-11 \end{align*}

3. Multiply both sides by the reciprocal of 54\begin{align*}\frac{5}{4}\end{align*}

4554xx=73545=28\begin{align*}\frac{\cancel{4}}{\cancel{5}} \cdot \frac{\cancel{5}}{\cancel{4}}x &= _7\cancel{35} \cdot \frac{4}{\cancel{5}}\\ x &=28\end{align*}

Check the answer: 5428=57=35\begin{align*}\frac{5}{4} \cdot 28 = 5 \cdot 7 = 35\end{align*}

### Vocabulary

Linear Equation
An equation in one variable without exponents. Linear equations are in the form ax±b=c\begin{align*}ax \pm b=c\end{align*}, where a,b\begin{align*}a, b\end{align*}, and c\begin{align*}c\end{align*} are real numbers.
Inverse
The opposite operation of a given operation in an equation. For example, subtraction is the inverse of addition and multiplication is the inverse of division.
Reciprocal
The reciprocal of ab\begin{align*}\frac{a}{b}\end{align*} is ba\begin{align*}\frac{b}{a}\end{align*}.

### Practice

1. 3+x=1\begin{align*}-3+x=-1\end{align*}
2. r+6=2\begin{align*}r+6=2\end{align*}
3. 5s=30\begin{align*}5s=30\end{align*}
4. 8k=64\begin{align*}-8k=-64\end{align*}
5. m4=14\begin{align*}\frac{m}{-4}=14\end{align*}
6. 90=10n\begin{align*}90=10n\end{align*}