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# Circles Not Centered at the Origin

## Write and graph equations of circles with centers not at (0, 0)

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Circles Centered at (h, k)

You draw a circle that is centered at (2,2)\begin{align*}(-2, -2)\end{align*}. You measure the diameter of the circle to be 18 units. Does the point (4,5)\begin{align*}(4, 5)\end{align*} lie on the circle?

### Guidance

When a circle is centered at the origin (as in the last concept), the equation is x2+y2=r2\begin{align*}x^2+y^2=r^2\end{align*}. If we rewrite this equation, using the center, it would look like (x0)2+(y0)2=r2\begin{align*}(x-0)^2+(y-0)^2=r^2\end{align*}. Extending this idea to any point as the center, we would have (xh)2+(yk)2=r2\begin{align*}(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2\end{align*}, where (h,k)\begin{align*}(h, k)\end{align*} is the center.

#### Example A

Find the center and radius of (x+1)2+(y3)2=16\begin{align*}(x+1)^2+(y-3)^2=16\end{align*} and graph.

Solution: Using the general equation above, the center would be (1,3)\begin{align*}(-1, 3)\end{align*} and the radius is 16\begin{align*}\sqrt{16}\end{align*} or 4. To graph, plot the center and then go out 4 units up, down, to the left, and to the right.

#### Example B

Find the equation of the circle with center (2,4)\begin{align*}(2, 4)\end{align*} and radius 5.

Solution: Plug in the center and radius to the equation and simplify.

(x2)2+(y4)2(x2)2+(y4)2=52=25

#### Example C

Find the equation of the circle with center (6,1)\begin{align*}(6, -1)\end{align*} and (5,2)\begin{align*}(5, 2)\end{align*} is on the circle.

Solution: In this example, we are not given the radius. To find the radius, we must use the distance formula, d=(x2x1)2+(y2y1)2\begin{align*}d=\sqrt{\left(x_2-x_1\right)^2+\left(y_2-y_1\right)^2}\end{align*}.

r=(56)2+(2(1))2=(1)2+32=1+9=10

Therefore, the equation of this circle is \begin{align*}(x-6)^2+(y-(-1))^2=\left(\sqrt{10}\right)^2\end{align*} or \begin{align*}(x-6)^2+(y+1)^2=10\end{align*}.

Intro Problem Revisit In this lesson, you learned the equation of a circle that is centered somewhere other than the origin is \begin{align*}(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2\end{align*}, where \begin{align*}(h, k)\end{align*} is the center.

We are given that the center is \begin{align*}(-2, -2)\end{align*}, so \begin{align*}h= -2\end{align*} and \begin{align*}k = -2\end{align*}. We are also given the diameter of the circle, but we need the radius. Recall that the radius is half the diameter, so \begin{align*}r = \frac{18}{2} = 9\end{align*}.

If we plug these values into the equation for the circle, we get:

Now to find if the point \begin{align*}(4, 5)\end{align*} lies on the circle we substitute 4 for x and 5 for y and see if the equation holds true.

Therefore, the point does not lie on the circle.

### Guided Practice

1. Graph \begin{align*}(x+4)^2+(y+3)^2=25\end{align*} and find the center and radius.

2. Find the equation of the circle with center \begin{align*}(-8, 3)\end{align*} and \begin{align*}(2, -5)\end{align*} is on the circle.

3. The endpoints of a diameter of a circle are \begin{align*}(-3, 1)\end{align*} and \begin{align*}(9, 6)\end{align*}. Find the equation.

1. The center is \begin{align*}(-4, -3)\end{align*} and the radius is 5.

2. Use the distance formula to find the radius.

The equation of this circle is \begin{align*}(x+8)^2+(y-3)^2=164\end{align*}.

3. In this problem, we are not given the center or radius. We can find the length of the diameter using the distance formula and then divide it by 2.

Now, we need to find the center. Use the midpoint formula with the endpoints.

Therefore, the equation is \begin{align*}(x-3)^2+ \left(y- \frac{7}{2}\right)^2=\frac{169}{4}\end{align*}.

### Explore More

For questions 1-4, match the equation with the graph.

1. \begin{align*}(x-8)^2+(y+2)^2=4\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}x^2+(y-6)^2=9\end{align*}
3. \begin{align*}(x+2)^2+(y-3)^2=36\end{align*}
4. \begin{align*}(x-4)^2+(y+4)^2=25\end{align*}

Graph the following circles. Find the center and radius.

1. \begin{align*}(x-2)^2+(y-5)^2=16\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}(x+4)^2+(y+3)^2=18\end{align*}
3. \begin{align*}(x+7)^2+(y-1)^2=8\end{align*}

Find the equation of the circle, given the information below.

1. center: \begin{align*}(-3,-3)\end{align*} radius: 7
2. center: \begin{align*}(-7,6)\end{align*} radius: \begin{align*}\sqrt{15}\end{align*}
3. center: \begin{align*}(8, -1)\end{align*} point on circle: \begin{align*}(0, 14)\end{align*}
4. center: \begin{align*}(-2, -5)\end{align*} point on circle: \begin{align*}(3, 2)\end{align*}
5. diameter endpoints: \begin{align*}(-4, 1)\end{align*} and \begin{align*}(6, 3)\end{align*}
6. diameter endpoints: \begin{align*}(5, -8)\end{align*} and \begin{align*}(11, 2)\end{align*}
7. Is \begin{align*}(-9, 12)\end{align*} on the circle \begin{align*}(x+5)^2+(y-6)^2=54\end{align*}? How do you know?
8. Challenge Using the steps from #16 in the previous concept, find the equation of the tangent line to the circle with center \begin{align*}(3, -4)\end{align*} and the point of tangency is \begin{align*}(-1, 8)\end{align*}.
9. Extension Rewrite the equation of the circle, \begin{align*}x^2+y^2+4x-8y+11=0\end{align*} in standard form by completing the square for both the \begin{align*}x\end{align*} and \begin{align*}y\end{align*} terms. Then, find the center and radius.

### Vocabulary Language: English

Standard Form

Standard Form

The standard form of a circle is $(x-h)^2+(y-k)^2=r^2$, where $(h, k)$ is the center and $r$ is the radius.