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# 1.5: Angle Pairs

Created by: CK-12

## Learning Objectives

• Recognize complementary angles supplementary angles, linear pairs, and vertical angles.
• Apply the Linear Pair Postulate and the Vertical Angles Theorem.

## Review Queue

1. Find $x$.
2. Find $y$.
3. Find $z$.

Know What? A compass (as seen to the right) is used to determine the direction a person is traveling. The angles between each direction are very important because they enable someone to be more specific with their direction. A direction of $45^\circ \ NW$, would be straight out along that northwest line.

What headings have the same angle measure? What is the angle measure between each compass line?

## Complementary Angles

Complementary: Two angles that add up to $90^\circ$.

Complementary angles do not have to be:

• congruent
• next to each other

Example 1: The two angles below are complementary. $m\angle GHI = x$. What is $x$?

Solution: Because the two angles are complementary, they add up to $90^\circ$. Make an equation.

$x + 34^\circ & = 90^\circ\\x & = 56^\circ$

Example 2: The two angles below are complementary. Find the measure of each angle.

Solution: The two angles add up to $90^\circ$. Make an equation.

$8r + 9^\circ + 7r + 6^\circ & = 90^\circ\\15r + 15^\circ & = 90^\circ\\15r & = 75^\circ\\r & = 5^\circ$

However, you need to find each angle. Plug $r$ back into each expression.

$m \angle GHI & = 8(5^\circ) + 9^\circ = 49^\circ\\m\angle JKL & = 7(5^\circ) + 6^\circ = 41^\circ$

## Supplementary Angles

Supplementary: Two angles that add up to $180^\circ$.

Supplementary angles do not have to be:

• congruent
• next to each other

Example 3: The two angles below are supplementary. If $m\angle MNO = 78^\circ$ what is $m\angle PQR$?

Solution: Set up an equation. However, instead of equaling $90^\circ$, now it is $180^\circ$.

$78^\circ + m\angle PQR & = 180^\circ\\m\angle PQR & = 102^\circ$

Example 4: What is the measure of two congruent, supplementary angles?

Solution: Supplementary angles add up to $180^\circ$. Congruent angles have the same measure. So, $180^\circ \div 2 = 90^\circ$, which means two congruent, supplementary angles are right angles, or $90^\circ$.

## Linear Pairs

Adjacent Angles: Two angles that have the same vertex, share a side, and do not overlap.

$\angle PSQ$ and $\angle QSR$ are adjacent.

$\angle PQR$ and $\angle PQS$ are NOT adjacent because they overlap.

Linear Pair: Two angles that are adjacent and the non-common sides form a straight line.

$\angle PSQ$ and $\angle QSR$ are a linear pair.

Linear Pair Postulate: If two angles are a linear pair, then they are supplementary.

Example 5: Algebra Connection What is the measure of each angle?

Solution: These two angles are a linear pair, so they add up to $180^\circ$.

$(7q-46)^\circ + (3q+6)^\circ &= 180^\circ\\10q - 40^\circ &= 180^\circ\\10q & = 220^\circ\\q & = 22^\circ$

Plug in $q$ to get the measure of each angle. $m\angle ABD = 7(22^\circ) - 46^\circ = 108^\circ \ m\angle DBC = 180^\circ - 108^\circ = 72^\circ$

Example 6: Are $\angle CDA$ and $\angle DAB$ a linear pair? Are they supplementary?

Solution: The two angles are not a linear pair because they do not have the same vertex. They are supplementary, $120^\circ + 60^\circ = 180^\circ$.

## Vertical Angles

Vertical Angles: Two non-adjacent angles formed by intersecting lines.

$\angle 1$ and $\angle 3$ are vertical angles

$\angle 2$ and $\angle 4$ are vertical angles

These angles are labeled with numbers. You can tell that these are labels because they do not have a degree symbol.

Investigation 1-6: Vertical Angle Relationships

1. Draw two intersecting lines on your paper. Label the four angles created $\angle 1, \ \angle 2, \ \angle 3$, and $\angle 4$, just like the picture above.
2. Use your protractor to find $m\angle 1$.
3. What is the angle relationship between $\angle 1$ and $\angle 2$ called? Find $m\angle 2$.
4. What is the angle relationship between $\angle 1$ and $\angle 4$ called? Find $m\angle 4$.
5. What is the angle relationship between $\angle 2$ and $\angle 3$ called? Find $m\angle 3$.
6. Are any angles congruent? If so, write them down.

From this investigation, you should find that $\angle 1 \cong \angle 3$ and $\angle 2 \cong \angle 4$.

Vertical Angles Theorem: If two angles are vertical angles, then they are congruent.

We can prove the Vertical Angles Theorem using the same process we used in the investigation. We will not use any specific values for the angles.

From the picture above:

$\angle 1 \ \text{and} \ \angle 2 \ \text{are a linear pair} \ \rightarrow m\angle 1 + m\angle 2 & = 180^\circ \qquad \text{Equation} \ 1\\\angle 2 \ \text{and} \ \angle 3 \ \text{are a linear pair} \ \rightarrow m\angle 2 + m\angle 3 & = 180^\circ \qquad \text{Equation} \ 2\\\angle 3 \ \text{and} \ \angle 4 \ \text{are a linear pair} \ \rightarrow m\angle 3 + m\angle 4 & = 180^\circ \qquad \text{Equation} \ 3$

All of the equations $= 180^\circ$, so Equation 1 = Equation 2 and Equation 2 = Equation 3.

$m\angle 1 + m\angle 2 = m\angle 2 + m\angle 3 \qquad \text{and} \qquad m\angle 2 + m\angle 3 = m\angle 3 + m\angle 4$

Cancel out the like terms

$m\angle 1 = m\angle 3 \qquad \text{and} \qquad m\angle 2 = m\angle 4$

Recall that anytime the measures of two angles are equal, the angles are also congruent. So, $\angle 1 \cong \angle 3$ and $\angle 2 \cong \angle 4$ too.

Example 7: Find $m\angle 1$ and $m\angle 2$.

Solution: $\angle 1$ is vertical angles with $18^\circ$, so $m\angle 1 = 18^\circ$.

$\angle 2$ is a linear pair with $\angle 1$ or $18^\circ$, so $18^\circ + m\angle 2 = 180^\circ$.

$m\angle 2 = 180^\circ - 18^\circ = 162^\circ$.

Know What? Revisited The compass has several vertical angles and all of the smaller angles are $22.5^\circ, 180^\circ \div 8$. Directions that are opposite each other have the same angle measure, but of course, a different direction. All of the green directions have the same angle measure, $22.5^\circ$, and the purple have the same angle measure, $45^\circ$. $N, \ S, \ E$ and $W$ all have different measures, even though they are all $90^\circ$ apart.

## Review Questions

• Questions 1 and 2 are similar to Examples 1, 2, and 3.
• Questions 3-8 are similar to Examples 3, 4, 6 and 7.
• Questions 9-16 use the definitions, postulates and theorems from this section.
• Questions 17-25 are similar to Example 5.
1. Find the measure of an angle that is complementary to $\angle ABC$ if $m\angle ABC$ is
1. $45^\circ$
2. $82^\circ$
3. $19^\circ$
4. $z^\circ$
2. Find the measure of an angle that is supplementary to $\angle ABC$ if $m\angle ABC$ is
1. $45^\circ$
2. $118^\circ$
3. $32^\circ$
4. $x^\circ$

Use the diagram below for exercises 3-7. Note that $\overline{NK} \perp \overleftrightarrow{IL}$.

1. Name one pair of vertical angles.
2. Name one linear pair of angles.
3. Name two complementary angles.
4. Name two supplementary angles.
1. What is:
1. $m\angle INL$
2. $m\angle LNK$
2. If $m\angle INJ = 63^\circ$, find:
1. $m\angle JNL$
2. $m\angle KNJ$
3. $m\angle MNL$
4. $m\angle MNI$

For 9-16, determine if the statement is true or false.

1. Vertical angles are congruent.
2. Linear pairs are congruent.
3. Complementary angles add up to $180^\circ$.
4. Supplementary angles add up to $180^\circ$
5. Adjacent angles share a vertex.
7. Complementary angles are always $45^\circ$.
8. Vertical angles have the same vertex.

For 17-25, find the value of $x$ or $y$.

1. Find $x$.
2. Find $y$.

1. $x+26 = 3x-8\!\\{\;} \quad \ 34 = 2x\!\\{\;} \quad \ 17 = x$
2. $(7y+6)^\circ = 90^\circ\!\\{\;} \qquad \ 7y = 84^\circ\!\\{\;} \qquad \ \ y = 12^\circ$
3. $z+ 15 = 5z + 9\!\\{\;} \quad \ \ 6 = 4z\!\\{\;} \quad 1.5 = z$

8 , 9 , 10

Feb 22, 2012

Aug 21, 2014