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# 2.8: Algebraic Equations to Represent Words

Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12

The sum of two consecutive even integers is 34. What are the integers?

### Guidance

To translate a problem from words into an equation, look for key words to indicate the operation used in the problem.

Once the equation is known, to solve the problem you use the same rules as when solving equations with one variable. Isolate the variable and then solve for it making sure that whatever you do to one side of the equals sign you do to the other side. Drawing a diagram is also helpful in solving some word problems.

#### Example A

Two consecutive integers have a sum of 173. What are those numbers?

Let x=\begin{align*}x =\end{align*} integer 1

Then x+1=\begin{align*}x + 1 =\end{align*} integer 2 (Because they are consecutive, they must be separated by only one number. For example: 1, 2, 3, 4,... all are consecutive.)

You can square the operation in the question.

Two consecutive integers have a sum\begin{align*}\boxed{\text{sum}}\end{align*} of 173. What are those numbers?

x+(x+1)x+x+12x+12x+112x2x2x=173=173=173=1731=172=1722=86(Remove the brackets)(Combine like terms)(Subtract 1 from both sides to isolate the variable)(Simplify)(Divide both sides by 2 to solve for the variable)(Simplify)\begin{align*}x + (x + 1) &= 173\\ x + x + 1 &= 173 && (\text{Remove the brackets})\\ 2x + 1 &= 173 && (\text{Combine like terms})\\ 2x + 1 {\color{red}-1} &= 173 {\color{red}-1} && (\text{Subtract} \ 1 \ \text{from both sides to isolate the variable})\\ 2x &= 172 && (\text{Simplify})\\ \frac{2x}{{\color{red}2}} &= \frac{172}{{\color{red}2}} && (\text{Divide both sides by} \ 2 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ x &= 86 && (\text{Simplify})\end{align*}

Therefore the first integer is 86 and the second integer is (86+1)=87\begin{align*}(86 + 1) = 87\end{align*}. Check: 86+87=173\begin{align*}86 + 87=173\end{align*}.

#### Example B

When a number is subtracted from 35, the result is 11. What is the number?

Let x=\begin{align*}x =\end{align*} the number

You can square the operation in the question.

When a number is subtracted\begin{align*}\boxed{\text{subtracted}}\end{align*} from 35, the result is 11.

35x3535xxx1x=11=1135=24=241=24(Subtract 35 from both sides to isolate the variable)(Simplify)(Divide both sides by 1 to solve for the variable)(Simplify)\begin{align*}35 - x &= 11\\ 35 {\color{red}- 35} - x &= 11 {\color{red}- 35} && (\text{Subtract} \ 35 \ \text{from both sides to isolate the variable})\\ -x &= -24 && (\text{Simplify})\\ \frac{-x}{{\color{red}-1}} &= \frac{-24}{{\color{red}-1}} && (\text{Divide both sides by} \ -1 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ x &= 24 && (\text{Simplify})\end{align*}

Therefore the number is 24.

#### Example C

When one third of a number is subtracted from one half of a number, the result is 14. What is the number?

Let x=\begin{align*}x =\end{align*} number

You can square the operation in the question.

When one third of a number is subtracted\begin{align*}\boxed{\text{subtracted}}\end{align*} from one half of a number, the result is 14.

12x13x=14\begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}x-\frac{1}{3}x=14\end{align*}

You need to get a common denominator in this problem in order to solve it. For this problem, the denominators are 2, 3, and 1. The LCD is 6. Therefore multiply the first fraction by 33\begin{align*}\frac{3}{3}\end{align*}, the second fraction by 22\begin{align*}\frac{2}{2}\end{align*}, and the third number by 66\begin{align*}\frac{6}{6}\end{align*}.

\begin{align*}\left({\color{red}\frac{3}{3}}\right) \frac{1}{2}x-\left({\color{red}\frac{2}{2}}\right) \frac{1}{3}x &= \left({\color{red}\frac{6}{6}}\right)14\\ \frac{3}{6}x-\frac{2}{6}x &= \frac{84}{6} && (\text{Simplify})\end{align*}

Now that the denominator is the same, the equation can be simplified to be:

\begin{align*}3x-2x &= 84\\ x &= 84 && (\text{Combine like terms})\end{align*}

Therefore the number is 84.

#### Concept Problem Revisited

The sum of two consecutive even integers is 34. What are the integers?

Let \begin{align*}x =\end{align*} integer 1

Then \begin{align*}x + 2 =\end{align*} integer 2 (Because they are even, they must be separated by at least one number. For example: 2, 4, 6, 8,... all have one number in between them.)

You can know write an algebraic expression to solve for the two integers. Remember that you are talking about the sum. You can square the operation in the question.

The \begin{align*}\boxed{\text{sum}}\end{align*} of two consecutive even integers is 34.

\begin{align*}x + (x + 2) &= 34\\ x + x + 2 &= 34 && (\text{Remove the brackets})\\ 2x + 2 &= 34 && (\text{Combine like terms})\\ 2x + 2 {\color{red}-2} &= 34 {\color{red}-2} && (\text{Subtract} \ 2 \ \text{from both sides to isolate the variable})\\ 2x &= 32 && (\text{Simplify})\\ \frac{2x}{{\color{red}2}} &= \frac{32}{{\color{red}2}} && (\text{Divide both sides by} \ 2 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ x &= 16 && (\text{Simplify})\end{align*}

Therefore the first integer is 16 and the second integer is \begin{align*}(16 + 2) = 18\end{align*}. Also \begin{align*}16 + 18\end{align*} is indeed 34.

### Vocabulary

Algebraic Equation
An algebraic equation contains numbers, variables, operations, and an equals sign.
Consecutive
The term consecutive means in a row. Therefore an example of consecutive numbers is 1, 2, and 3. An example of consecutive even numbers would be 2, 4, and 6. An example of consecutive odd numbers would be 1, 3, and 5.

### Guided Practice

1. What is a number that when doubled would equal sixty?

2. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 176. What are these numbers?

3. The perimeter of a rectangular frame is 48 in. What are the lengths of each side?

1. What is a number that when doubled would equal sixty?

Let \begin{align*}x =\end{align*} number

You can square the operation in the question.

What is a number that when \begin{align*}\boxed{\text{doubled}}\end{align*} would equal sixty?

\begin{align*}2x &= 60\\ \frac{2x}{{\color{red}2}} &= \frac{60}{{\color{red}2}} && (\text{Divide by} \ 2 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ x &= 30 && (\text{Simplify})\end{align*}

Therefore the number is 30.

2. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 176. What are these numbers?

Let \begin{align*}x =\end{align*} first number

Let \begin{align*}x + 2 =\end{align*} second number

You can square the operation in the question.

The \begin{align*}\boxed{\text{sum}}\end{align*} of two consecutive odd numbers is 176.

\begin{align*}x + (x + 2) &= 176\\ x + x + 2 &= 176 && (\text{Remove brackets})\\ 2x + 2 &= 176 && (\text{Combine like terms})\\ 2x+2 {\color{red}-2} &= 176 {\color{red}-2} && (\text{Subtract} \ 2 \ \text{from both sides of the equal sign to isolate the variable})\\ 2x &= 174 && (\text{Simplify})\\ \frac{2x}{{\color{red}2}} &-\frac{174}{{\color{red}2}} && (\text{Divide by} \ 2 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ x &= 87\end{align*}

Therefore the first number is 87 and the second number is \begin{align*}(87 + 2) = 89\end{align*}.

3. The perimeter of a rectangular frame is 48 in. What are the lengths of each side?

You have to remember that a square has 4 sides of equal length in order to solve this problem.

Let \begin{align*}s =\end{align*} side length

\begin{align*}s + s + s + s &= 48 && (\text{Write initial equation with four sides adding to the perimeter})\\ 4s &= 48 && (\text{Simplify})\\ \frac{4s}{{\color{red}4}} &= \frac{48}{{\color{red}4}} && (\text{Divide by} \ 4 \ \text{to solve for the variable})\\ s &= 12\end{align*}

Therefore the side length is 12 inches.

### Practice

1. The sum of two consecutive numbers is 159. What are these numbers?
2. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 33. What are these numbers?
3. A new computer is on sale for 30% off. If the sale price is $500, what was the original price? 4. Jack and his three friends are sharing an apartment for the next year while at university (8 months). The rent cost$1200 per month. How much does Jack have to pay?
5. You are designing a triangular garden with an area of 168 square feet and a base length of 16 feet. What would be the height of the triangle of the garden shape?
6. If four times a number is added to six, the result is 50. What is that number?
7. This week, Emma earned ten more than half the number of dollars she earned last week babysitting. If this week, she earned 100 dollars, how much did she earn last week?
8. Three is twenty-one divided by the sum of a number plus five.
9. Five less than three times a number is forty-six.
10. Hannah had $237 in her bank account at the start of the summer. She worked for four weeks and now she has$1685 in the bank. How much did Hannah make each week in her summer job?
11. The formula to estimate the length of the Earth's day in the future is found to be twenty–four hours added to the number of million years divided by two hundred and fifty. In five hundred million years, how long will the Earth's day be?
12. Three times a number less six is one hundred twenty-six.
13. Sixty dollars was two-thirds the total money spent by Jack and Thomas at the store.
14. Ethan mowed lawns for five weekends over the summer. He worked ten hours each weekend and each lawn takes an average of two and one-half hours. How many lawns did Ethan mow?
15. The area of a rectangular pool is found to be two hundred eighty square feet. If the base length of the pool is 20 feet, what is the width of the pool?
16. A cell phone company charges a base rate of $10 per month plus 5¢ per minute for any long distance calls. Sandra gets her cell phone bill for$21.20. How many long distance minutes did she use?

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Dec 19, 2012
Apr 29, 2014

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