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# 5.17: Solve Real World Problems Involving Simple Interest

Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12
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Practice Simple Interest
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Have you ever tried to figure out a problem involving interest? Take a look at this dilemma.

With a goal of boosting student attendance at football games, the student council has decided to invest a portion of their savings for middle school decorations. They figure that when the games are happening that they can decorate the middle school with balloons, banners and flyers.

“I think it will help make it a priority for students,” Jeremy said at the weekly student council meeting.

“It will be a lot of fun too. We could even host a pep rally to help get the kids charged up,” Candice suggested.

“We put 4000 in the bank in the sixth grade. Now that we are \begin{align*}8^{th}\end{align*} graders that money has been sitting in the bank for two years at a 4% interest rate,” Jeremy explained. Candice began working out the math in her head. If they did put4000 in the bank for two years and they had a 4% interest rate, then there definitely is more money in there now. She began to complete the calculations in her head.

Do you have an idea how to figure this out? This problem involves principal, interest rates and time. This Concept will teach you all about calculating simple interest. Pay close attention and you will see this problem again at the end of the Concept.

### Guidance

Money is a necessary part of everyday life, and as you get older, your relationship to money will change. In this lesson, we will explore some of the ways in which you will relate to money as you get older.

Saving money and making wise investments will be an important part of your financial planning. Part of making investing is earning interest. When you save money in the bank, the bank uses that money for its own investments. In return for using your money, the bank pays you a certain percent. This percent is your interest. Interest is the percent that a bank pays you for using keeping your money in their bank.

Banks compete with each other for your money because they want you to put your money in their bank. They try to give you the best “interest rate” that they can. This means that they will pay you a greater percentage than another bank to try to get your business. The greater the interest rate that they pay you; the more likely you are to invest your money with them in a savings account. The more money you save, the more they have to invest. They publish an interest rate \begin{align*}r\end{align*} which tells you what percent they will pay you per year \begin{align*}t\end{align*}. The principal, \begin{align*}p\end{align*} is the amount of money that you have put into the bank.

You can use this information in the formula \begin{align*}I = prt\end{align*} in order to calculate the interest that you will earn on your principal \begin{align*}p\end{align*}.

Take a few minutes and write this formula in your notebook.

Now let’s look at how we can use this formula to calculate interest.

You invest 5,000 in a bank for 2 years at a 4% interest rate. What is the interest you have earned after this time? We start by looking at the given information. Then use the formula to calculate interest. \begin{align*}p = 5000, r = .04, t = 2\end{align*}. Use the formula to calculate interest. \begin{align*}I &= prt\\ I &= 5000 \cdot .04 \cdot 2\\ I &= 400\end{align*} The bank will pay you400 in interest over two years at that rate.

Many investors may have specific goals—they want to earn a certain amount of interest on their investments. Because of this, they need to figure out the time that it takes to earn a certain amount of money. The formula \begin{align*}I = prt\end{align*} is an equation. We can use the Multiplication Property of Equations to solve for \begin{align*}t\end{align*} if we know \begin{align*}I, r\end{align*}, and \begin{align*}p\end{align*}.

Mrs. Duarte has $20,000 to invest. She wants to earn$10,000 in interest. She is considering a savings and loans bank that is offering her 5.6% interest per year. For how long will she have to leave her money in the bank in order to reach her goal of 10,000? Start by looking at the given information. \begin{align*}I = 10000, p = 20000, r = .056\end{align*} Solve for \begin{align*}t\end{align*}. Next, we substitute the given values into the formula and solve the equation. \begin{align*}I &= prt\\ 10000 &= 20000 \cdot .056 \cdot t\\ 10000 &= 1120t\\ \frac{10000}{1120} &= \frac{1120t}{1120}\\ 8.93 &= t\end{align*} She will have to leave her money in the bank for nearly 9 years. Exactly! We are using what we have learned about solving equations to figure out missing information regarding interest and banking.You can use the simple interest formula \begin{align*}I = prt\end{align*} to find any of the missing variables if you are given values of the others. We have used it to solve for \begin{align*}I\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t\end{align*}. Of course, once the bank pays you interest, your account balance grows. You start of with your principal \begin{align*}p\end{align*} and then you add your interest \begin{align*}I\end{align*}. Now let’s see how much a bank balance would be after a given time at a given interest rate. Jessica invests3,000 in a credit union at an interest rate of 3.9%. She leaves the money there for 5 years. What is her balance after that time?

To answer this question, we will need to do two things. First, we will need to figure out the amount of the interest. Then we can add this amount to the principal that Jessica first invested. This will give us the new balance.

First find the interest that she earned:

\begin{align*}p &= 3000, r = .039, t = 5\\ I &= prt\\ I &= 3000 \cdot .039 \cdot 5\\ I &= 585\end{align*}

She earned $585 in interest. Her principal was$3,000. How much does she have now?

\begin{align*}585 + 3000 = 3585\end{align*}

Solution: You would owe 8,113. Now let's go back to the dilemma from the beginning of the Concept. Now we need to figure out the interest and the final balance in the student council bank account. First, let’s find the amount of the interest. \begin{align*}I &= PRT\\ I &= (4000)(.04)(2)\\ I &= \320.00\end{align*} Next, we add this to the original amount invested. \begin{align*}\4000 + \320 = \4320.00\end{align*} This is the new balance in the student council account. ### Vocabulary Interest The amount of money paid or owed after a period of time. It is based on a percentage. Rate The percent charged or paid by a bank given a savings account or a loan amount. Principal The amount of the original loan or original deposit. ### Guided Practice Here is one for you to try on your own. A nurse put22,000 in the bank 15 years ago. She has earned \$21,450 in interest—nearly as much as her initial investment. What was the interest rate that the bank was paying her?

Solution

Using the simple interest formula \begin{align*}I = prt\end{align*}, we can calculate the interest rate \begin{align*}r\end{align*} if we are given the \begin{align*}I, p\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t\end{align*} values. As before, we will substitute the known values and then use inverse operations to find the missing value.

\begin{align*}I &= 21450, p = 22000, t = 15\\ I &= prt\\ 21450 &= 22000 \cdot r \cdot 15\\ 21450 &= 330000r\\ \frac{21450}{330000} &= \frac{330000r}{330000}\\ .065 &= r\end{align*}

Because we are looking for a percent-an interest rate, we have to change the decimal to a percent.

.065 = 6.5%

The bank was paying 6.5%.

### Practice

Directions: Use the simple interest formula \begin{align*}I = prt\end{align*} to solve for the Interest.

1. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = 62,300, r = .0525, t = 14\end{align*}.
2. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = 9800, r = .028, t = 9\end{align*}.
3. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \600, r = .05, t=8\end{align*}
4. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \2300, r = .06, t=12\end{align*}
5. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \5500, r = .08, t=7\end{align*}
6. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \400, r = .05\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t=5\end{align*}
7. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \700, r = .03\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t=9\end{align*}
8. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \500, r = .06\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t=12\end{align*}
9. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \800, r = .09\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t=7\end{align*}
10. Find \begin{align*}I\end{align*} if \begin{align*}p = \950, r = .06\end{align*} and \begin{align*}t=4\end{align*}

Directions: Find the new interest and then find the new balance with the given information. There are two steps to solving these problems.

1. \begin{align*}p = 43000, r = .0365, t = 11\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}p = 7000, r = .079, t = 4\end{align*}
3. \begin{align*}p = 8000, r = .06, t = 3\end{align*}
4. \begin{align*}p = 18000, r = .04, t = 5\end{align*}
5. \begin{align*}p = 25000, r = .05, t = 3\end{align*}
6. \begin{align*}p = 3000, r = .05, t = 7\end{align*}
7. \begin{align*}p = 12000, r = .04, t = 5\end{align*}
8. \begin{align*}p = 9000, r = .06, t = 10\end{align*}
9. \begin{align*}p = 7500, r = .03, t = 8\end{align*}
10. \begin{align*}p = 27500, r = .04, t = 6\end{align*}

### Vocabulary Language: English

Compound interest

Compound interest

Compound interest refers to interest earned on the total amount at the time it is compounded, including previously earned interest.
future value

future value

In the context of earning interest, future value stands for the amount in the account at some future time $t$.
Interest

Interest

Interest is a percentage of lent or borrowed money. Interest is calculated and accrued regularly at a specified rate.
present value

present value

In the context of earning interest, present value stands for the amount in the account at time 0.
Principal

Principal

The principal is the amount of the original loan or original deposit.
Rate

Rate

The rate is the percentage at which interest accrues.
Simple Interest

Simple Interest

Simple interest is interest calculated on the original principal only. It is calculated by finding the product of the the principal, the rate, and the time.

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