<img src="https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=iA1Pi1a8Dy00ym" style="display:none" height="1" width="1" alt="" />

# Chapter 3: Trigonometric Identities and Equations

Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12

## Chapter Summary

Here are the identities studied in this chapter:

Quotient & Reciprocal Identities

tanθcscθ=sinθcosθcotθ=cosθsinθ=1sinθ secθ=1cosθ cotθ=1tanθ

Pythagorean Identities

Even & Odd Identities

Co-Function Identities

Sum and Difference Identities

Double Angle Identities

Half Angle Identities

Product to Sum & Sum to Product Identities

Linear Combination Formula

\begin{align*}A \cos x + B \sin x = C \cos (x - D)\end{align*}, where \begin{align*}C = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2}, \cos D = \frac{A}{C}\end{align*} and \begin{align*}\sin D = \frac{B}{C}\end{align*}

## Review Questions

1. Find the sine, cosine, and tangent of an angle with terminal side on \begin{align*}(-8, 15)\end{align*}.
2. If \begin{align*}\sin a = \frac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\end{align*} and \begin{align*}\tan a < 0\end{align*}, find \begin{align*}\sec a\end{align*}.
3. Simplify: \begin{align*}\frac{\cos^4 x - \sin^4 x}{\cos^2 x - \sin^2 x}\end{align*}.
4. Verify the identity: \begin{align*}\frac{1 + \sin x}{\cos x \sin x} = \sec x (\csc x + 1)\end{align*}

For problems 5-8, find all the solutions in the interval \begin{align*}[0, 2\pi)\end{align*}.

1. \begin{align*}\sec \left (x + \frac{\pi}{2} \right ) + 2 = 0\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}8 \sin \left (\frac{x}{2} \right ) - 8 = 0\end{align*}
3. \begin{align*}2 \sin^2 x + \sin 2x =0\end{align*}
4. \begin{align*}3 \tan^2 2x = 1\end{align*}
5. Solve the trigonometric equation \begin{align*}1 - \sin x = \sqrt{3} \sin x\end{align*} over the interval \begin{align*}[0, \pi]\end{align*}.
6. Solve the trigonometric equation \begin{align*}2 \cos 3x - 1 = 0\end{align*} over the interval \begin{align*}[0, 2\pi]\end{align*}.
7. Solve the trigonometric equation \begin{align*}2 \sec^2 x - \tan^4 x = 3\end{align*} for all real values of \begin{align*}x\end{align*}.

Find the exact value of:

1. \begin{align*}\cos 157.5^\circ\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}\sin \frac{13 \pi}{12}\end{align*}
3. Write as a product: \begin{align*}4(\cos 5x + \cos 9x)\end{align*}
4. Simplify: \begin{align*}\cos(x - y) \cos y - \sin(x - y) \sin y\end{align*}
5. Simplify: \begin{align*}\sin \left (\frac{4 \pi}{3} - x \right ) + \cos \left (x + \frac{5 \pi}{6} \right )\end{align*}
6. Derive a formula for \begin{align*}\sin 6x\end{align*}.
7. If you solve \begin{align*}\cos 2x = 2 \cos^2x - 1\end{align*} for \begin{align*}\cos^2 x\end{align*}, you would get \begin{align*}\cos^2 x = \frac{1}{2} (\cos 2x + 1)\end{align*}. This new formula is used to reduce powers of cosine by substituting in the right part of the equation for \begin{align*}\cos^2 x\end{align*}. Try writing \begin{align*}\cos^4 x\end{align*} in terms of the first power of cosine.
8. If you solve \begin{align*}\cos 2x = 1 - 2 \sin^2 x\end{align*} for \begin{align*}\sin^2x\end{align*}, you would get \begin{align*}\sin^2 x = \frac{1}{2} (1 - \cos 2x)\end{align*}. Similar to the new formula above, this one is used to reduce powers of sine. Try writing \begin{align*}\sin^4x\end{align*} in terms of the first power of cosine.
9. Rewrite in terms of the first power of cosine:
1. \begin{align*}\sin^2x \cos^2 2x\end{align*}
2. \begin{align*}\tan^4 2x\end{align*}

## Texas Instruments Resources

In the CK-12 Texas Instruments Trigonometry FlexBook® resource, there are graphing calculator activities designed to supplement the objectives for some of the lessons in this chapter. See http://www.ck12.org/flexr/chapter/9701.

Dec 17, 2014