# Dilation in the Coordinate Plane

## Multiplication of coordinates by a scale factor.

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Graphs of Dilations

Quadrilateral \begin{align*}WXYZ\end{align*} has coordinates \begin{align*}W \ (\text{-}5, \text{-}5), \ X \ (\text{-}2, 0), \ Y \ (2, 3),\end{align*} and \begin{align*}Z \ (\text{-}1, 3).\end{align*} Draw the quadrilateral on the Cartesian plane.

Suppose the quadrilateral undergoes a dilation centered at the origin of scale factor \begin{align*}\frac{1}{3}.\end{align*} What is  the resulting image?

### Graphs of Dilations

In geometry, a transformation is an operation that moves, flips, or changes a shape to create a new shape. A dilation is a type of transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure (called the pre-image) to create a new figure (called the image). The scale factor, r, determines how much bigger or smaller the dilated image will be compared to the preimage.

In order to graph a dilation, use the center of dilation and the scale factor. Find the distance between a point on the preimage and the center of dilation. Multiply this length by the scale factor. The corresponding point on the image will be this distance away from the center of dilation in the same direction as the original point.

If you compare the length of a side on the preimage to the length of the corresponding side on the image, the length of the side on the image will be the length of the side on the preimage multiplied by the scale factor.

#### Draw the preimage and image for the following dilations and determine the scale factor:

Line \begin{align*}\overline{A B}\end{align*} drawn from (-4, 2) to (3, 2) has undergone a dilation about the origin to produce \begin{align*}A^\prime(-6, 3)\end{align*} and \begin{align*}B^\prime(4.5, 3)\end{align*}

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{10.5}{7.0} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{3}{2}\end{align*}

#### Determine the coordinates and the scale factor for the following dilations:

1. The diamond \begin{align*}ABCD\end{align*} undergoes a dilation about the origin to form the image \begin{align*}A^\prime B^\prime C^\prime D^\prime\end{align*}

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}}\\ & \mathrm{scale factor} = \frac{7.21}{3.61} \\ & \mathrm{scale factor} = 2\end{align*}

1. The diagram below undergoes a dilation about the origin to form the dilation image.

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale factor }= \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}}\\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor }= \frac{2.00}{10.00} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor }= \frac{1}{5}\end{align*}

### Examples

#### Example 1

Earlier, you were told that quadrilateral \begin{align*}WXYZ\end{align*} has coordinates \begin{align*}W \ (\text{-}5, \text{-}5), \ X \ (\text{-}2, 0), \ Y\ (2, 3),\end{align*} and \begin{align*}Z \ (\text{-}1, 3).\end{align*} If the quadrilateral undergoes a dilation centered at the origin of scale factor \begin{align*}\frac{1}{3},\end{align*}  what is the resulting image?

Test to see if the dilation is correct by determining the scale factor.

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{10.63}{3.54} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = 3\end{align*}

#### Example 2

Line \begin{align*}\overline{S T}\end{align*} drawn from (-3, 4) to (-3, 8) has undergone a dilation of scale factor 3 about the point \begin{align*}A \ (1, 6).\end{align*} Draw the preimage and image and properly label each.

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{12.00}{4.00} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = 3\end{align*}

#### Example 3

The polygon below has undergone a dilation about the origin with a scale factor of \begin{align*}\frac{5}{3}.\end{align*} Draw the dilation image and properly label each point.

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{5.00}{3.00} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{5}{3}\end{align*}

#### Example 4

The triangle with vertices \begin{align*}J \ (\text{-}5, -2), \ K \ (\text{-}1, 4),\end{align*} and \begin{align*}L \ (1, \text{-}3)\end{align*} has undergone a dilation of scale factor \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the center point \begin{align*}L.\end{align*} Draw and label the dilation image and the preimage, then verify the scale factor.

\begin{align*}& \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{\mathrm{dilation \ image \ length}}{\mathrm{preimage \ length}}\\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{7.21}{3.61} \\ & \mathrm{scale \ factor} = \frac{1}{2}\end{align*}

### Review

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}2\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}D.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}3\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}C.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}C.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{4}\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}C.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}2\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}A.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}2\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}D.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}3\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}D.\end{align*}

1. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about the origin.
2. Dilate the above figure by a factor of \begin{align*}\frac{1}{2}\end{align*} about point \begin{align*}C.\end{align*}

To see the Review answers, open this PDF file and look for section 10.11.

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Color Highlighted Text Notes

### Vocabulary Language: English

TermDefinition
Dilation To reduce or enlarge a figure according to a scale factor is a dilation.
Distance Formula The distance between two points $(x_1, y_1)$ and $(x_2, y_2)$ can be defined as $d= \sqrt{(x_2-x_1)^2 + (y_2-y_1)^2}$.
Mapping Mapping is a procedure involving the plotting of points on a coordinate grid to see the behavior of a function.
Scale Factor A scale factor is a ratio of the scale to the original or actual dimension written in simplest form.