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# SAS Similarity

## Triangles are similar if two pairs of sides are proportional and the included angles are congruent.

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SAS Similarity

### SASSimilarity Theorem

By definition, two triangles are similar if all their corresponding angles are congruent and their corresponding sides are proportional. It is not necessary to check all angles and sides in order to tell if two triangles are similar. In fact, if you know only that two pairs of sides are proportional and their included angles are congruent, that is enough information to know that the triangles are similar. This is called the SAS Similarity Theorem.

SAS Similarity Theorem: If two sides in one triangle are proportional to two sides in another triangle and the included angle in both are congruent, then the two triangles are similar.

If ABXY=ACXZ\begin{align*}\frac{AB}{XY} = \frac{AC}{XZ}\end{align*} and AX\begin{align*}\angle A \cong \angle X\end{align*}, then ABCXYZ\begin{align*}\triangle ABC \sim \triangle XYZ\end{align*}.

What if you were given a pair of triangles, the lengths of two of their sides, and the measure of the angle between those two sides? How could you use this information to determine if the two triangles are similar?

### Examples

#### Example 1

Determine if the following triangles are similar. If so, write the similarity theorem and statement.

We can see that BF\begin{align*}\angle{B} \cong \angle{F}\end{align*} and these are both included angles. We just have to check that the sides around the angles are proportional.

ABDF=128=32\begin{align*}\frac{AB}{DF}=\frac{12}{8}=\frac{3}{2}\end{align*}

BCFE=2416=32\begin{align*}\frac{BC}{FE}=\frac{24}{16}=\frac{3}{2}\end{align*}

Since the ratios are the same ABCDFE\begin{align*}\triangle ABC \sim \triangle DFE \end{align*} by the SAS Similarity Theorem.

#### Example 2

Determine if the following triangles are similar. If so, write the similarity theorem and statement.

The triangles are not similar because the angle is not the included angle for both triangles.

#### Example 3

Are the two triangles similar? How do you know?

We know that BZ\begin{align*}\angle B \cong \angle Z\end{align*} because they are both right angles and 1015=2436\begin{align*}\frac{10}{15} = \frac{24}{36}\end{align*}. So, ABXZ=BCZY\begin{align*}\frac{AB}{XZ} = \frac{BC}{ZY}\end{align*} and ABCXZY\begin{align*}\triangle ABC \sim \triangle XZY\end{align*} by SAS.

#### Example 4

Are there any similar triangles in the figure? How do you know?

A\begin{align*}\angle A\end{align*} is shared by EAB\begin{align*}\triangle EAB\end{align*} and DAC\begin{align*}\triangle DAC\end{align*}, so it is congruent to itself. Let’s see if AEAD=ABAC\begin{align*}\frac{AE}{AD} = \frac{AB}{AC}\end{align*}.

99+3912=1212+5=341217The two triangles are not similar.\begin{align*}\frac{9}{9+3} &= \frac{12}{12+5}\\ \frac{9}{12} &= \frac{3}{4} \neq \frac{12}{17} && \text {The two triangles are} \ not \ \text{similar.}\end{align*}

#### Example 5

From Example 4, what should BC\begin{align*}BC\end{align*} equal for EABDAC\begin{align*}\triangle EAB \sim \triangle DAC\end{align*}?

The proportion we ended up with was 912=341217\begin{align*}\frac{9}{12} = \frac{3}{4} \neq \frac{12}{17}\end{align*}. AC\begin{align*}AC\end{align*} needs to equal 16, so that 1216=34\begin{align*}\frac{12}{16} = \frac{3}{4}\end{align*}. AC=AB+BC\begin{align*}AC = AB + BC\end{align*} and 16=12+BC\begin{align*}16 = 12 + BC\end{align*}. BC\begin{align*}BC\end{align*} should equal 4.

### Review

Fill in the blanks.

1. If two sides in one triangle are _________________ to two sides in another and the ________________ angles are _________________, then the triangles are ______________.

Determine if the following triangles are similar. If so, write the similarity theorem and statement.

Find the value of the missing variable(s) that makes the two triangles similar.

Determine if the triangles are similar. If so, write the similarity theorem and statement.

1. ΔABC\begin{align*}\Delta ABC\end{align*} is a right triangle with legs that measure 3 and 4. ΔDEF\begin{align*}\Delta DEF\end{align*} is a right triangle with legs that measure 6 and 8.
2. ΔGHI\begin{align*}\Delta GHI\end{align*} is a right triangle with a leg that measures 12 and a hypotenuse that measures 13. ΔJKL\begin{align*}\Delta JKL\end{align*} is a right triangle with legs that measure 1 and 2.
3. AC¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=3\begin{align*}\overline{AC} = 3\end{align*}

DF¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯=6\begin{align*}\overline{DF} = 6\end{align*}

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### Vocabulary Language: English

AA Similarity Postulate

If two angles in one triangle are congruent to two angles in another triangle, then the two triangles are similar.

Congruent

Congruent figures are identical in size, shape and measure.

Dilation

To reduce or enlarge a figure according to a scale factor is a dilation.

SAS

SAS means side, angle, side, and refers to the fact that two sides and the included angle of a triangle are known.

SAS Similarity Theorem

The SAS Similarity Theorem states that if two sides in one triangle are proportional to two sides in another triangle and the included angle in both are congruent, then the two triangles are similar.

Similarity Transformation

A similarity transformation is one or more rigid transformations followed by a dilation.