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# Tessellations

## Tiling over a plane such that the figures fill the plane with no overlaps or gaps.

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Tessellations

What if you were given a hexagon and asked to tile it over a plane such that it would fill the plane with no overlaps and no gaps? Could you do this? After completing this Concept, you'll be able to determine if a figure tessellates.

### Watch This

Tessellations CK-12

### Guidance

A tessellation is a tiling over a plane with one or more figures such that the figures fill the plane with no overlaps and no gaps. You have probably seen tessellations before. Examples of a tessellation are: a tile floor, a brick or block wall, a checker or chess board, and a fabric pattern. The following pictures are also examples of tessellations.

Notice the hexagon (cubes, first tessellation) and the quadrilaterals fit together perfectly. If we keep adding more, they will entirely cover the plane with no gaps or overlaps.

We are only going to worry about tessellating regular polygons. To tessellate a shape, it must be able to exactly surround a point, or the sum of the angles around each point in a tessellation must be 360\begin{align*}360^\circ\end{align*}. The only regular polygons with this feature are equilateral triangles, squares, and regular hexagons.

#### Example A

Draw a tessellation of equilateral triangles.

In an equilateral triangle each angle is 60\begin{align*}60^\circ\end{align*}. Therefore, six triangles will perfectly fit around each point.

Extending the pattern, we have:

#### Example B

Does a regular pentagon tessellate?

First, recall that there are 540\begin{align*}540^\circ\end{align*} in a pentagon. Each angle in a regular pentagon is 540÷5=108\begin{align*}540^\circ \div 5 = 108^\circ\end{align*}. From this, we know that a regular pentagon will not tessellate by itself because 108\begin{align*}108^\circ\end{align*} times 2 or 3 does not equal 360\begin{align*}360^\circ\end{align*}.

#### Example C

How many squares will fit around one point?

First, recall how many degrees are in a circle, and then figure out how many degrees are in each angle of a square. There are 360\begin{align*}360^\circ\end{align*} in a circle and 90\begin{align*}90^\circ\end{align*} in each interior angle of a square, so 36090=4\begin{align*}\frac{360}{90}=4\end{align*} squares will fit around one point.

Tessellations CK-12

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### Guided Practice

1. How many regular hexagons will fit around one point?

2. Does a regular octagon tessellate?

3. Tessellations can also be much more complicated. Check out http://www.mathsisfun.com/geometry/tessellation.html to see other tessellations and play with the Tessellation Artist, which has a link at the bottom of the page.

1. First, recall how many degrees are in a circle, and then figure out how many degrees are in each angle of a regular hexagon. There are 360\begin{align*}360^\circ\end{align*} in a circle and 120\begin{align*}120^\circ\end{align*} in each interior angle of a hexagon, so 360120=3\begin{align*}\frac{360}{120}=3\end{align*} hexagons will fit around one point.

2. First, recall that there are 1080\begin{align*}1080^\circ\end{align*} in a pentagon. Each angle in a regular pentagon is 1080÷8=135\begin{align*}1080^\circ \div 8 = 135^\circ\end{align*}. From this, we know that a regular octagon will not tessellate by itself because 135\begin{align*}135^\circ\end{align*} does not go evenly into 360\begin{align*}360^\circ\end{align*}.

### Explore More

2. What is an example of a tessellated square in real life?
4. You can also tessellate two regular polygons together. Try tessellating a regular hexagon and an equilateral triangle. First, determine how many of each fit around a point and then repeat the pattern. Add color to your design.
5. Does a regular dodecagon (12-sided shape) tessellate? Why of why not?
6. Does a kite tessellate? Why or why not?

Do the following figures tessellate?

### Answers for Explore More Problems

To view the Explore More answers, open this PDF file and look for section 12.7.

### Vocabulary Language: English Spanish

tessellation

tessellation

A tiling over a plane with one or more figures such that the figures fill the plane with no overlaps and no gaps.
line segment

line segment

A line segment is a part of a line that has two endpoints.