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# 3.2: Move Those Chains

Difficulty Level: At Grade Created by: CK-12

This activity is intended to supplement Calculus, Chapter 2, Lesson 5.

ID: 11364

Time Required: 15 minutes

## Activity Overview

In this activity, students will explore the Chain Rule. Students are first asked to make a conjecture about the derivative of f(x)=(2x+1)2\begin{align*}f(x) = (2x + 1)^2\end{align*} based on the Power Rule. They are then asked to graph their derivative function and compare it to the graph of f(x)\begin{align*}f'(x)\end{align*}. They will then examine “true” statements about various derivatives of composite functions. They will observe patterns and use these patterns to create a rule for finding the derivatives of other composite functions. They will then use their rule to create “true” examples of their own.

Topic: Chain Rule

• Derivative of a composite function

Teacher Preparation and Notes

• Students will type d(f(x),x)\begin{align*}d(f(x),x)\end{align*} in the entry line of the TI-89. When they press ENTER, the TI-89 will return the expression in ‘pretty print’, and it will appear as ddx(f(x))\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}(f(x))\end{align*}.
• Note: Some functions will have an independent variable other than x\begin{align*}x\end{align*} to familiarize students with using other variables.
• The true statements show the derivatives in unsimplified form so that students will more easily identify the patterns.

Associated Materials

## Problem 1

Students are asked to make a conjecture about what the derivative of f(x)=(2x+1)2\begin{align*}f(x) = (2x + 1)^2\end{align*} is using the Power Rule. From the home screen, students are to go to the Y=\begin{align*}Y=\end{align*} Editor by pressing [] [Y=]\begin{align*}[\blacklozenge] \ [Y=]\end{align*}. Students should enter the function in y1\begin{align*}y1\end{align*}, nDeriv(y1(x),x)\begin{align*}(y1(x),x)\end{align*} in y2\begin{align*}y2\end{align*}, and their conjecture about the derivative of f(x)=(2x+1)2\begin{align*}f(x) = (2x + 1)^2\end{align*} in y3\begin{align*}y3\end{align*}. (To access the nDeriv command, go to the Math menu (2nd\begin{align*}2^{nd}\end{align*} [MATH]) and select B:Calculus > A:nDeriv(.) Students should graph only functions y2\begin{align*}y2\end{align*} and y3\begin{align*}y3\end{align*}. (To deselect a function, highlight the function and press F4\begin{align*}F4\end{align*}. Note: The graph may take a minute to appear. If a student’s conjecture is correct, the graphs of y2\begin{align*}y2\end{align*} and y3\begin{align*}y3\end{align*} will coincide. If a student’s conjecture is incorrect the graphs of y2\begin{align*}y2\end{align*} and y3\begin{align*}y3\end{align*} will not coincide.

Students are asked to expand (2x+1)2\begin{align*}(2x + 1)^2\end{align*}, and take the derivative of this expression term by term. They are then to compare it to y3(x)\begin{align*}y3(x)\end{align*}.

Solutions

1. Sample answer: 2(2x+1)\begin{align*}2(2x + 1)\end{align*}

2. Sample answer: No, my answer was not correct. I can try expanding the function before taking the derivative.

3.ddx((2x+1)2)=ddx((2x+1)(2x+1))=ddx(4x2+4x+1)=ddx(4x2)+ddx(4x)+ddx(1)=8x+4\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((2x + 1)^2) & = \frac{d}{dx}((2x + 1)(2x + 1)) \\ & = \frac{d}{dx}(4x^2 + 4x + 1) \\ & = \frac{d}{dx}(4x^2) + \frac{d}{dx}(4x) + \frac{d}{dx}(1) \\ & = 8x + 4\end{align*}

## Problem 2

Students are asked to examine “true” statements of the derivatives of composite functions while looking for patterns. They are asked to discuss the patterns they observed with fellow students.

Students are asked to use the pattern observed to make “true” derivative of composite function statements. If the handheld does not return the word ‘true,’ students can try again by pressing 2nd\begin{align*}2^{nd}\end{align*} ENTER, editing their solution, and pressing ENTER again.

The Chain Rule is presented to students, and they are asked to write three additional true statements.

Solutions

4. Sample answer: The Power Rule is applied to the “outer” function, then is multiplied by the derivative of the “inner” function.

5. ddx((3x+2)2)=2(3x+2)13\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((3x + 2)^2) = 2 \cdot (3x + 2)^1 \cdot 3\end{align*}

6. ddx((7x+2)3)=3(7x+2)27\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((7x + 2)^3) = 3 \cdot (7x + 2)^2 \cdot 7\end{align*}

7. ddx((5x2+2x+3)4)=4(5x2+2x+3)3(10x+2)\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((5x^2 + 2x + 3)^4) = 4 \cdot (5x^2 + 2x + 3)^3 \cdot (10x + 2)\end{align*}

## Problem 3 – Homework Problems

Students are given five additional exercises that can be used as homework problems or as extra practice during class.

Solutions

1. ddx((4x3+1)2)=2(4x3+1)1(12x2)\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((4x^3 + 1)^2) = 2 \cdot (4x^3 + 1)^1 \cdot (12x^2)\end{align*}

2. ddx((5x+10)7)=7(5x+10)6(5)\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((-5x + 10)^7) = 7 \cdot (-5x + 10)^6 \cdot (-5)\end{align*}

3. ddx((2t54t3+2t1)2)=2(2t54t3+2t1)1(10t412t2+2)\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((2t^5 - 4t^3 + 2t - 1)^2) = 2 \cdot (2t^5 - 4t^3 + 2t - 1)^1 \cdot (10t^4 - 12t^2 + 2)\end{align*}

4. ddx((x2+5)2)=2(x2+5)32x\begin{align*}\frac{d}{dx}((x^2 + 5)^{-2}) = -2 \cdot (x^2 + 5)^{-3} \cdot 2x\end{align*}

5. \begin{align*}\frac{d}{dz}((z^3 - 3z^2 + 4)^{-3}) = -3 \cdot (z^3 - 3z^2 + 4)^{-4} (3z^2 - 6z)\end{align*}

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