<img src="https://d5nxst8fruw4z.cloudfront.net/atrk.gif?account=iA1Pi1a8Dy00ym" style="display:none" height="1" width="1" alt="" />

# Resultant as the Sum of Two Components

## Horizontal and vertical components of vectors.

0%
Progress
Practice Resultant as the Sum of Two Components
Progress
0%
Resultant as the Sum of Two Components

You are working in science class on a "weather unit". As part of this class, you are tasked with going out and checking the wind speed each day at a meter behind your school. The wind speed you record for the day is 20 mph at a trajectory. This means that the wind is blowing at an angle taken from the direction that would be due East. At the conclusion of each day, you are supposed to break the wind speed (which is a vector) into two components: the portion that is in a North/South direction and the portion that is in an East/West direction. Can you figure out how to do this?

By the end of this Concept, you'll be able to break vectors into their individual components using trig relationships.

### Guidance

We can look at any vector as the resultant of two perpendicular components. If we generalize some vector into perpendicular components, is the horizontal component of a vector and is the vertical component of . Therefore is a magnitude, , times the unit vector in the direction and is its magnitude, , times the unit vector in the direction. The sum of plus is: . This addition can also be written as .

If we are given the vector , we can find the components of , and using trigonometric ratios if we know the magnitude and direction of .

This is accomplished by taking the magnitude of the vector times the cosine of the vector's angle to find the horizontal component, and the magnitude of the vector times the sine of the vector's angle to find the vertical component.

#### Example A

If and its direction is , find the horizontal and vertical components.

Solution: If we know an angle and a side of a right triangle, we can find the other remaining sides using trigonometric ratios. In this case, is the hypotenuse of our triangle, is the side adjacent to our angle, is the side opposite our angle, and is directed along the axis.

To find , we will use cosine and to find we will use sine. Notice this is a scalar equation so all quantities are just numbers. It is written as the quotient of the magnitudes, not the vectors.

The horizontal component is 5.7 and the vertical component is 18.7. One can rewrite this in vector notation as . The components can also be written , with the horizontal component first, followed by the vertical component. Be careful not to confuse this with the notation for plotted points.

#### Example B

If and its direction is , find the horizontal and vertical components.

To find , we will use cosine and to find we will use sine. Notice this is a scalar equation so all quantities are just numbers. It is written as the quotient of the magnitudes, not the vectors.

#### Example C

If and , find the resultant vector length and angle.

Solution: We can view each of these vectors on the coordinate system here:

Each of these vectors then serves as sides in a right triangle. So we can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the resultant:

The angle of rotation that the vector makes with the "x" axis can be found using the tangent function:

### Guided Practice

1. Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the following vector if the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction are given as .

2. Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the following vector if the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction are given as .

3. Find the magnitude of the horizontal and vertical components of the following vector if the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction are given as .

Solutions:

1.

2.

3.

### Concept Problem Solution

From this Concept you've learned how to take a vector and break it into components using trig functions. If you draw the wind speed you recorded as a vector:

You can find the "x" and "y" components. These are the same as the part of the wind that is blowing to the East and the part of the wind that is blowing to the North.

East component:

x = 12.86 mph

North component:

y = 15.32 mph

### Explore More

Find the horizontal and vertical components of the following vectors given the resultant vector’s magnitude and direction.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. .
1. If and , find the resultant vector magnitude and angle.
2. If and , find the resultant vector magnitude and angle.
3. If and , find the resultant vector magnitude and angle.
4. Will cosine always be used to find the horizontal component of a vector?
5. If you know the component form of a vector, how can you find its magnitude and direction?

### Vocabulary Language: English

Resultant

Resultant

A resultant is a vector representing the sum of two or more vectors.