Flexi Says: Photosynthesis occurs in certain specialized prokaryotic cells, such as cyanobacteria, and in eukaryotic cells that contain chloroplasts, including cells of plants and algae. Some form of cellular respiration occurs in all cells, since all cells must break down glucose or other food molecules to transfer energy for life processes. Simple prokaryotic cells typically perform glycolysis. The cells of most eukaryotes contain mitochondria, which are specialized to perform aerobic cellular respiration.