Summary:
- Covalent bonds form when electrons in two atoms form overlapping orbitals.
- A lone pair is a pair of electrons in a Lewis electron-dot structure that is not shared between atoms.
- The oxygen atom in the water molecule shown below has two lone pair sets of electrons.
- The hydrogen atom with its single electron will form a covalent bond with the oxygen atom where it has a single electron.
- Each hydrogen atom follows the octet rule with one bonding pair.
- The resulting Lewis electron dot structure for water is: