Flexi Says: The earliest primates evolved in the Paleocene Epoch; apes diversified during the Miocene Epoch; and close human relatives called Australopithecines evolved during the Pliocene Epoch. The Cenozoic cooling trend culminated in an ice age during the Pleistocene Epoch, which is also the epoch during which the human genus (Homo) and human species (Homo sapiens) evolved. Human beings became ascendant, and all of recorded human history occurred during the Holocene Epoch.