Summary:

  • Some places inside Earth are so hot that rock melts.
  • Melted rock inside the Earth is called magma.
  • When magma erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is known as lava.
  • Minerals form when magma and lava cool.
  • Some minerals crystallize at hotter temperatures.
  • Other minerals form at cooler temperatures.
  • When a mineral fills cracks in rocks, the deposits are called veins.
  • When the minerals are deposited in open spaces, large crystals grow.
  • These rocks are called geodes.
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